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Finland is located between 60° and 70° north in a region which is in principle known for a cold climate. But you can't describe Finland as a very cold country. There are some regional differences. Besides the relatively cold winters, there are some corners of Finland with surprisingly warm summers. Overall, you have to expect changeable weather all year round, although the weather is actually most stable in winter.
Especially the south can surprise with nice weather in summer, while the north of the country stays rather cool even in summer (but can be quite sunny). In June and July, the weather in the south of the country is usually quite nice and temperatures around 28°C are reached. In many inland lakes you can swim quite well.
The north around Finnish Lapland is more hilly than the south and central Finland. In the north it is generally colder. Lapland is usually quite snowy from November to April. The south is not quite so snow-sure. However, you can still expect snow here from December to March.
Finland is, except for the north, not very mountainous. The highest points are barely above 900 meters. The country is rather flat and known for many forests and many lakes.
There are a few islands off the southwest coast. The region has the mildest winters. Summers in the south and central Finland are usually warm and comparable to those in southern Sweden. In summer, precipitation is usually less than in winter. Winters here are cold and also relatively long. You can expect the snow to stay between three and four months. Precipitation usually only comes down as snow in the winter.
In the north of the country, the winter lasts much longer. As a rule, snow can even be present from mid-October until May. Summer is short and relatively typical for Arctic areas. However, the summer is then also relatively warm and sunny. Unfortunately, you have to expect mosquitoes in summer - a similar phenomenon is known e.g. from Alaska.
A climatic peculiarity are the Aland Islands. The sun spoils the islands with almost 1900 hours of sunshine.
The optimal travel time for Finland is normally seen in the summer from June to August. For winter sports enthusiasts, the months from January to March are quite suitable.